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The Sanctuary of Fátima ((ポルトガル語:Santuário de Fátima)), which is also referred to (incorrectly) as the ''Basilica of Our Lady of Fátima''((ポルトガル語:Basilica de Nossa Senhora de Fátima)), is a group of Roman Catholic buildings and structures in the (civil parish) of Fátima, in the municipality of Ourém in Portugal. In addition to the Basilica of ''Our Lady of the Rosary'' ((ポルトガル語:Basilicia da Nossa Senhora de Rosário)), Chapel of the Lausperene ((ポルトガル語:Capela de Lausperene)), a great oak tree (on which the Marian Apparitions occurred), a monument to the Sacred Heart of Jesus ((ポルトガル語:Monumento ao Sagrado Coração de Jesus)) and the Chapel of the Apparitions ((ポルトガル語:Capelinha das Aparições)), where three children Lucia Santos and her cousins, Jacinta and Francisco Marto, were first visited by Mary. In addition, several other structures and monuments were built in the intervening years to commemorate the events associated with the events in 1916, including: the Hostel/Retreat House of ''Our Lady of Sorrows'' ((ポルトガル語:Albergue e Casa de Retiros de Nossa Senhora das Dores)), the rectory, the Hostel/Retreat of ''Our Lady of Mount Carmel''((ポルトガル語:Casa de Retiros de Nossa Senhora do Carmo)), a segment of the Berlin Wall (marking the consecration of Russia to the Sacred Heart of Christ), monuments to Fathers Formigão and Fischer, a High Cross (by artist Robert Schad), and individual monuments to Pope Paul VI, Pope Pius XII, Pope John Paul II and D. José Alves Correia da Silva (whom had important roles in the history of site) and the Pastoral Centre of Paul VI ((ポルトガル語:Centro Pastoral de Paulo VI)). Across from the main sanctuary is the much larger Basilica of the Santissima Trinidade constructed after 1953, owing to the limited scale of the Sanctuary for large-scale pilgrimages and religious services. ==History== (詳細はLucia Santos and her two cousins, Jacinta and Francisco Marto, began witnessing apparitions of an angel in the region of Ourém. These visitations persisted until the 13 May 1917 when, while tending their family's sheep in Cova da Iria, they witnessed the apparition of what they later assumed was the Virgin Mary, and began doing penance and self-sacrifice to atone for sinners. Many flocked to Fátima and Aljustrel to witness these apparitions along with the children, but not before the children were jailed for being politically disruptive.〔 These visitations culminated in the public Miracle of the Sun event, even as the apparition of Mary divulged three secrets to the children. Although the last apparition occurred on 13 October 1917, the region of Fátima continued to be a destination of pilgrims. Victims of the 1918 flu pandemic epidemic, both cousins (Francisco and Jacinta) died on 3 April 1919 and 19 February 19, 1920 (in Aljustrel and Lisbon), respectively. Along with the Three Secrets of Fátima, their stories (and that of Lucia), would be linked to religious construction that followed in Fátima. A small chapel, the ''Capelinha das Aparições'' (''Chapel of the Apparitions'') was begun on 28 April 1919 by local people: its construction was neither hindered or encouraged by church authorities. On 13 May 1920, pilgrims defied government troops to install a statue of the Virgin Mary in the chapel, while the first officially celebrated mass occurred on 13 October 1921. A hostel for the sick was also begun in the same year, but the original chapel was destroyed on 6 March 1922. The first investigations (canonical process) by the Roman Catholic Church in regards to the events at Fátima began on 3 May 1922. Meanwhile, small Chapel of the Appariations was rebuilt and functioning by 1923. It would take the next four years to see a change in attitude from the Roman Catholic church; on 26 July 1927, the Bishop of Leiria, presided over the first religious service at Cova da Iria, that included the blessing of the stations of the cross on the mountain road to the site from Reguengo do Fetal. On 13 May 1928, the first foundation stone was laid in the construction of the basilica and colonnade of Fátima, a process that continued until 1954. The construction of the colonnade, by architect António Lino began in 1949 and extended to 1954. Meanwhile, on 13 October 1930, the Roman Catholic Church permitted the existence of the first cult of ''Nossa Senhora de Fátima'' (''Our Lady of Fátima''). Even before the completion of the complex, the mortal remains of Jacinta Marto was moved from her modest grave in Vila Nova de Ourém (where she had been buried following her death) to Fátima (12 September 1935), and later (on 1 May 1951) to the completed basilica sanctuary. Her brother's remains, were moved from the cemetery in Fátima to the basilica on 13 March 1952. An organ was also mounted that same year in the completed church, by the firm Fratelli Rufatti of Pádua. Before this period, on 13 May 1942, a large pilgrimage had already to marked the 25th anniversary of the apparitions. Two years later (on 13 May 1946), Cardinal Massella, Pontifical Legate, crowned the image of Our Lady of Fátima in the Chapel of the Apparitions, marking a complete reversal in the official posture of the Vatican See towards the events at Fátima. On 7 October 1953 the Church of the Sanctuary of Fátima was consecrated, and within a year, Pope Pious XII conceded the church the title of Basilica in his short ''Luce Superna'' document (November 1954). On 13 May 1956, cardinal Roncalli, patriarch of Venice, and future Pope John XXIII, presided over an international pilgrimage anniversary. From this point forward, there would continue to be an active presence and influence of the patriarchy of the Vatican in the events at the Fátima. On 1 January 1960, the sacred ''Lausperene'' rite was initiated. The sections of the organ, until this time dispersed throughout the basilica were united in one unit in 1962, in the high choir. On 13 May 1967, Pope Paul VI visits Fátima to mark the 50th anniversary of the first apparitions. On 19 September 1977, the civil parish was elevated to the status of town. Between 12–13 May 1982, in a pilgrimage to Fátima by Pope John Paul II, the first cornerstone of the ''Capela do Sagrado Lausperene'' was laid: the construction would continue until 1987.〔 Its completion and consecretaion on 1 January 1987 was attributed to donations and gifts from the Austrian association ''Cruzada de Reparação pelo Rosário para a Paz no Mundo'' (''Rosary Repair Crusade for World Peace''). Pope John Paul II would return once more on 12–13 May 1991 to preside over the international pilgrimage anniversary. On 4 June 1997, the Portuguese National Assembly elevated the town of Fátima to the status of city. Following several years of building, on 24 August 2006, the first attempts to classify the sanctuary as a national patrimony were begun, in terms of the transitory regime, but was incomplete due to a sunset clause of 8 September 2001. The shrine attracts a large number of Roman Catholics, and every year pilgrims fill the country road that leads to the shrine with crowds that approach one million on May 13 and October 13, the significant dates of the Fátima apparitions. Overall, about four million pilgrims visit the basilica every year.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Shrine of Our Lady of Fatima )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sanctuary of Fátima」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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